Under Chief Tecumseh, the Shawnee War officially began in Ohio in 1811. Ohio, officially the State of Ohio, ( / ohao / ( listen)) is a state in the Midwestern United States. [115] The Klan collapsed and virtually disappeared after 1925. Construction of a commuter rail began in 1851 called the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad. Its athletic teams are among some of the nation's best, and culturally the state continues to produce notable artists while building institutions enshrining its past. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. The state of Ohio was formed in 1803 and Henry County was formed in 1820. The question asks whether a new constitutional convention is required. Her songs included "Commie Lies", "Poor Left Winger", and "Comrade's Lament". How Did The Ohio Pasta Dish Johnny Marzetti Get Its Name? The Sherwin-Williams Company was founded in 1866 in Cleveland. The Mother of Modern Presidents, Ohio was the birthplace of seven U.S. presidents: Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William H. Taft and Warren G. Harding. Technically, Miami (Ohio) is the REAL Miami. [49], In 1812, the United Kingdom and the United States got into a dispute because the UK kept invading American ships, claiming random people to be English draft dodgers and taking them away to fight in the British Royal Navy in the Napoleonic Wars. William Procter and James Gamble started a company which produced a high quality, inexpensive soap called Ivory, which is still the best known product today of Procter & Gamble. Many of their thousands of mounds in Ohio have survived. Artists, writers, musicians and actors developed in the state and often moved to other cities which were larger centers for their work. Ohioans have supported movie making. The Port of Cincinnati was built on the Ohio River. Of the two Shawnee chiefs who fought in the war, Chief Logan's family were all hunted down and assassinated and Chief Cornstalk was said to have cursed the land where his village had once stood. It was notable for the high level of municipal activism. The Fort Ancient culture also built mounds, including some effigy mounds. Nobody really knows. The Surprising Story Behind How Ohio Got Its Name | iHeart The rapid urbanization brought about a growth of commercial industries in the state, including many financial and insurance institutions. [122], The Ohio Un-American Activities Committee was a government agency which existed to collect information on citizens with communist sympathies,[123] resulting in 15 convictions, 40 indictments, and 1,300 suspects. How All 50 States Got Their Names | Mental Floss After the war, Ohio mainly belonged to only Iroquoians and Algonquians- the Mingo/ Seneca, the Shawnee, the Lenape/ Delaware, the Miami, the Ottawa/ Mississauga/ Chippewa (not to be confused with the Ottawa who were still a part of the Anishinaabeg of Lake Superior, or the Algonquians of the Ottawa River), the Wyandot and the Guyandotte/ Little Mingo. In the early 1750s George Washington was sent to the Ohio Country by the Ohio Company to survey, and the fight for control of the territory would spark the French and Indian War. eds. [71] One of the New Yorkers who came to the state during this period was Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, whose church in Kirtland was the home of the movement for a period of time. How, why and when did Canton really get its name? | News Howard Chandler Christy, born in Morgan County, became a leading American artist during this century, as well as composer Dan Emmett, founder of the Blackface tradition. Mysteries | Henry County, Ohio, Historical Society It was "named for the river, which is from Seneca (Iroquoian)ohi:yo', a proper name fromohi:yo:h, literally "good river." In professional football the Cincinnati Bengals appeared in the Super Bowl in 1981, 1988, and 2021 and won the AFC North Division in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2015. Time Magazine reported in 1950 that police officers in Columbus were warning youth clubs to be suspicious of communist agitators. According to the OSU athletic department site, Buckeyes became the official nickname for OSU in the mid-1900s. Migrants to the latter came chiefly from Virginia and other slave-holding states, and brought their culture and slaves with them. [129] In 2015, Ohio's total GDP accounted for 3.4% of U.S. GDP and 0.8% of world GDP. [124] The state forced their employees to sign a loyalty oath, promising "to defend the state against foreign and domestic enemies", in order to receive a paycheck. Ohio played a key role in the War of 1812, as it was on the front line in the Western theater and the scene of several notable battles both on land and in Lake Erie. Gaylussacias, German Rampion, Ginger, Goldenrod Shoots, Gooseberry, Greenbriar, Groundcherry*, Hackberry, Haw, Hazelnut, Hickory Nut, Hogpeanut, Honewort, Honey locust, Indian Cucumber, Indian Potato, Jack in the Pulpit Root*, Jerusalem artichoke, Juniper berry*, Kentucky coffeetree*, Ferns* (including Lady Fern and Cinnamon Fern), Lake cress, Leatherleaf*, Licorice Root, Lily Bulbs, Maple (syrup and sugar), Mayapple*, Milkvetch root*, Morning Glory Root*, Northern Bayberry, Papaw, [25], In 1776, the Continental Army had encircled the British Army in Boston, but could not dislodge it, and a long stalemate ensued. Do not sell or share my personal information. Wilberforce University was founded in 1856 and the University of Akron and Ohio State University followed in 1870, with the University of Toledo in 1872. Ohio got its name from the Iroquois word, O-Y-O, meaning great river. The Iroquois Indians had begun to settle between the Ohio River and Great Lakes by 1650, although it is estimated that only a few hundred lived in present-day Ohio during any one period. Initially colonized by French fur traders, Ohio became a British colonial possession following the French and Indian War in 1754. [55] The first open-hearth furnace used for steel production was constructed by the Otis Steel Company in Cleveland, and by 1892, Ohio ranked as the 2nd-largest steel producing state behind Pennsylvania. [5] The municipality is located in northwest Ohio along Interstate 75 approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton, 78 miles (126 km) southwest of Toledo, and 63 mi (101 km) southeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana . National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. However, we would beg to differ with Shakespeare on how much a name matters. The fruit of the buckeye tree was believed to resemble that of a male deer's eye by the native Americans. In 1802, he served in the convention to form a constitution for the State of Ohio. Tobacco processing plants were founded in Dayton by the 1810s and Cincinnati became known as "Porkopolis" in being the nation's capital of pork processing, and by 1850 it was the third largest manufacturing city in the country. How Ohio's 88 counties got their names - cleveland.com Ohio Indians participated in that war until an armed expedition in Ohio led by Colonel Henry Bouquet brought about a truce. Irish Catholics poured in to construct the canals, railroads, streets and sewers in the 1840s and 1850s.[78]. The Ohio Automobile Company eventually became known as Packard, while Benjamin Goodrich entered the rubber industry in 1870 in Akron, founding Goodrich, Tew & Company, better known as the Goodrich Corporation in the present era. They then followed by passing an act in 1831 to withdraw state protections for the Bank of the United States. Educationally the schools are among the nation's top performers, and militarily Ohio's legacy continues into the present era. They had an almost exclusive voice regarding public matters, such as voting and handling the money. The city of Cleveland was founded by Connecticut-born Moses Cleaveland, who, in 1796, went to survey land claimed by the Connecticut Land Co. as part of the Western Reserve. Morgan's Raid in the summer of 1863 alarmed the populace. Ohio became heavily anti-Communist during the Cold War following World War II. [127] As of 2015, 49.7% of immigrants to Ohio had become naturalized U.S. School districts formed, and by 1838 the first direct tax was levied allowing access to school for all. The Forty-Eighters from Central Europe settled the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood in Cincinnati, while the Irish immigrants settled throughout the state, including Flytown in Columbus. Brewing was a main feature of the German culture. Education has been an integral part of Ohio culture since its early days of statehood. Bearberry, Beech Nut*, Bergamot, Black Cherry, Black Chokeberry, Black nightshade*, Black Raspberry, Black Walnut, Blueberry, Bog Rosemary*, Butternut, Calamint, Ohio's nickname originated from the abundance of Buckeye trees within the state. Scholars believe it may have been a more recent work of Fort Ancient people. Source | Reference Links | Additional Resources, The Ohio River Museum: Ohio Historical Society, Ohio the Beautiful a Short Film by Ohio Explored. (2009). In the late 20th century, economic restructuring in steel, railroads, and other heavy manufacturing, cost the state many jobs as heavy industry declined. Industrialization brought a shift culturally as urbanization and an emerging middle class changed society. [87] Several leading generals were from the state, including Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, and Philip H. Sheridan. By 1960, 10% of the population had been born in nearby Kentucky, West Virginia or Tennessee. [2] For example, the Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and the Delaware leader Buckongahelas sided with the British. Famous filmmakers include Steven Spielberg, Chris Columbus and the original Warner Brothers, who set up their first movie theatre in Youngstown, OH before that company later relocated to California. Kettering history: 9 things to know about the city - Dayton Daily News Several large confederacies were destroyed or relocated, including the Huron, Neutral, Erie, Susquehannock, Miami, Weskerini Algonquian, Kichesipirini Algonquian, Mascouten, Fox, Sauk, Petun, Manahoac and Saponi-Tutelo. After the war, Putnam and Manasseh Cutler were instrumental in creating the Northwest Ordinance, which opened up the Northwest Territory for settlement. [63] The first middle school in the nation, Indianola Junior High School (now the Graham Expeditionary Middle School), opened in Columbus in 1909. Incorporated on Oct. 10, 1892, Toledo was named after a pioneer side-wheel paddle steamer on the Cowlitz River. It was in the Ohio Country where George Washington lost the Battle of Fort Necessity to Louis Coulon de Villiers in 1754, and the subsequent Battle of the Monongahela to Charles Michel de Langlade and Jean-Daniel Dumas to retake the country 1755. How did the Ohio river get its name? - Answers Before that, Native Americans speaking Algonquin languages had inhabited Ohio and the central midwestern United States for hundreds of years, until displaced by the Iroquois in the latter part of the 17th century. The theme song of his campaign, the "Log Cabin Song,"[72] was authored by Otway Curry, who was a nationally known poet and author. Despite the state's boasting a number of very powerful Republican politicians, it was divided politically. In "Romeo and Juliet," the famous writer had Juliet say, "What's in a name? Caleb Atwater / Description of the Antiquities Discovered in the State of Ohio and Other Western States Illustration of the ancient earthworks of Circleville, Ohio described in 1820. The Civil War would not have been fought. Outside the German American community, women rarely did fieldwork on the farm. Ohio is the 17th state admitted to the Union March 1, 1803. The Battelle Memorial Institute perfected xerography, resulting in the company Xerox. [6][7], Wild native plants that Native Americans were known to, or may have likely, utilized for food are as follows: Acorn*, American Lotus, American Lovage, Atlantic Camas Root, Bamboo, As a closely contested state, Ohio was the top choice of Republicans, and often also as Democrats, for place on the national ticket as candidate for president or vice president. In "Romeo and Juliet," the famous writer had Juliet say, "What's in a name? Ohio geology and topography map courtesy of USGS: A Tapestry of Time and Terrain. [50], Ultimately, after the United States government used the Indian Removal Act of 1830 to force countless Native American tribes on the Trail of Tears, where all the southern states except for Florida were successfully emptied of Native peoples, the US government panicked because a majority of tribes did not want to be forced out of their own lands. With a population of nearly 11.8 million, Ohio is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated state. Ohio's industries were integral to American industrial power in the 20th century. As of 2020, it largely seems to have done just as much harm as good and re-exposed a lot of the issues inherent in how Ohio schooling was originally organized, which they are now desperately trying to solve.[65][66]. 1 language Bird's-eye view map of Cleveland in 1877 The written history of Cleveland began with the city's founding by General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company on July 22, 1796. The city quickly became a creative and economic hub over the next 40 years and attracted thousands of new settlers. The current custom of Congress' declaring an official date of statehood did not begin until 1812, when Louisiana was admitted as the 18th state. The First Wyoming: What's in a name? | WyoHistory.org 2. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In Ohio, the Miami, Wyandot, Shawnee, Lenape, Seneca, Ottawa, Wabash, Illinois, Hochunk, Sauk and Fox nations joined under an Miami warrior who had been asked to fight as their War Chief, Little Turtle. [32][33][34], Starting even before the war, and accelerating with the establishment of Fort Henry across the Ohio River in West Virginia, numerous settlers encroached on Indian lands west of the Ohio River in a broad arc from west of Fort Henry as far upriver as where Fort Steuben (today Steubenville) was later established. The Ohio River aided the agricultural economy by allowing farmers to move their goods by water to the southern states and the port of New Orleans. The main plants were Beans, Squash and Pumpkin, Quinoa, By the late 1810s, the National Road crossed the Appalachian Mountains, connecting Ohio with the east coast. 13 Curious Cincinnati Streets and How They Got Their Names The Treaty of Paris ceded the country to Great Britain in 1763. This version of Iroquois religion took on various Christian elements (belief in hell, downgrading of all deities aside the Creator to something akin to angels/ demons and regular Church meetings) while keeping alive most of the old holidays and ceremonies and is still practiced by most members of the Iroquois Confederacy today. [146] The Ohio State University football team won the national championship in 2002 and 2014, and consistently competes for the prize annually. The Glass City Founded in 1833, Toledo has become well known for its industry, particularly in auto assembly and glass (hence the nickname "The Glass City"). [8] But, as the Dutch feared giving the Iroquois firearms, they later found new allies- presumably the English, 30 years before the English had formally claimed Iroquois lands. Tecumseh had approached several tribes for help beforehand, but all had ignored his pleas, despite support. Jews and Eastern Orthodox settlements added to the pluralism, as did the building of black Baptists and Methodist churches in the cities. Timothy L. Smith, "The Ohio Valley: Testing Ground for America's Experiment in Religious Pluralism", "Reconstruction (18651877): The End of Reconstruction: 18731877", The Magazine of American history with notes and queries, Volume 16, The expansion of New England: the spread of New England settlement and institutions to the Mississippi River, 16201865, "Welcome < Swing Dance Club at Ohio State", "The religion of Superman (Clark Kent / Kal-El)", "About the Medal of Honor and Ohio Recipients", "Ohio Veterans Home Ohio History Central", "State makes final push for Ohio Veterans bonus", The century illustrated monthly magazine, Volume 37, "Sovereignty amendment won't be on Nov. 2 ballot", "U.S. Presidents Birth and Death Information", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 25, The Ohio State Constitution: a reference guide, "The Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention and the Origin of the Women's Rights Movement", "Category:Great Depression and World War II Ohio History Central", Fact Sheet: New Americans in Ohio: The Political and Economic Power of Immigrants, Latinos, and Asians in the Buckeye State, Report: Foreign-born workers important to Ohio, U.S. economy, Ohio Facts 2016: Ohio's Economy Ranks 7th Largest Among States, "Solar energy industry brings a ray of hope to the Rust Belt", "Ohio can't afford to kill Third Frontier: Brent Larkin", "Ohio Third Frontier Continues to Create Jobs and Opportunities for Ohioans", "Ohio Third Frontier and Supporting Programs Win Top Tech Awards for Economic Development Press Release Digital Journal". Its organizers warned of the need to purify America, especially against the influence of Catholics, bootleggers, and corrupt politicians. The recession cost the state 376,500 jobs[140] and it had 89,053 foreclosures in 2009, a record for the state. [141] The median household income dropped 7% and the poverty rate ballooned to 13.5% by 2009. A farmer named John Patterson built the area's first log cabin in 1798. They built Fort Sandosk by 1750 (and perhaps a fortified trading post at Junundat in 1754).[15]. Ohio was hit hard by the Great Recession and manufacturing employment losses during the most recent period. The Northwest Territory originally included areas previously called Ohio Country and Illinois Country. [63] In 1822, Caleb Atwater lobbied the legislature and Governor Allen Trimble to establish a commission to study the possibility of initiating public, common schools. There was major fighting in 1782. What's in a Name? Congress prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory which presaged Ohio and the five states of the Territory entering the Union as free states. A heavy flood of migrants came from New York and especially New England, where there had been a growing hunger for land as population increased before the Revolutionary War. There was a plot among prisoners to revolt and escape in 1863. Here are just a few of them, plus the stories behind some of the more bizarrely christened thoroughfares. Although the question has appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, the people have not found the need for a convention. As a result of the exploits of George Rogers Clark in 1778, Ohio Country (including the territory of the future state of Ohio) as well as eastern Illinois Country, became Illinois County, Virginia by claim of conquest under the Virginia Colony charter.